Psychic Powers
The confusion is huge, but luckily some aspects have been clarified. It is important to understand that the telepathy is the oldest communication system between the livings. It represents a universal system, so it overrides the border between species. Anywhere there is life, there is telepathy. The first to intense study this phenomenon were Mesmer's disciples, a German medic, the founder of the pseudoscientific theory of the animal magnetism, later called mesmerism. These were called magnetisers and were working with subjects who were into some kind of artificial sleep, generally in hypnotic trance. The magnetisers were sending mental commands - from a distance - to the subject who was listening to them.
Also, they were able to induce hypnosis from distance. Another category of experiments was called organic simpatism and includes transmitting sensations. The magnetizer was sending gustative sensations, olfactory or tactile. It could send moods or organic states (fatigue, health, pains, emotions), which brought back in discussion the old activity of the witches.

The magnetisers were achieving the organic simpatism under hypnosis, and speaking of this we must make the difference between two phenomena: sending a sensation or a mood is a telepathic act; but the fact that the sensation or mood is acting actually on the subject, is not part of telepathy anymore, but of hypnosis. Here is a clear example: the hypnotizer sends the burn sensation, and on the skin of the subject appears a real burn. It is obvious that the subject received telepathically the burn's sensation, but the telepathy stops here. The materialization of the burn is another phenomenon, a hypnotic one.

The experiments of the magnetisers were forgotten for a while. Only in 1876, the British physicist William Barret resumes them, trying to avoid the use of hypnosis. In 1833 begins a great action of studying the telepathy, with the help from The British Society of Psychiatric Research and the public tests made by Gurney and Myers. The confusion was huge: the telepathy was initially mixed with the hallucination, then, for a few years with teleplasticity and clairvoyance. So, in 1885, Myers and Frank Podmore, analyze it regarding to the "live ghosts", and in 1899 the French astronomer Cammile Flammarion is following them.
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